One post tagged with "linear-leios"

This week, the Leios team achieved significant milestones in protocol development and analysis, successfully demonstrating high-throughput capabilities and exploring new protocol variants. The team conducted comprehensive experiments with the Stracciatella variant, analyzed the Linear Leios throughput efficiency, and implemented new simulation capabilities.

High-throughput demonstration​

• Completed experiments demonstrating over 1,000 TPS capability with the Stracciatella variant of Leios
• Achieved spatial efficiency above 95% with transaction lifecycle times under two minutes
• Validated protocol performance under extreme throughput conditions well beyond the current Cardano capacity
• Documented detailed findings in the Stracciatella analysis notebook.

Protocol variants analysis​

Stracciatella variant​

• Completed a comprehensive analysis of the Stracciatella variant (no IBs, transaction references in EBs, two-stage pipeline)
• Key findings:
  • 5-slot/stage performs less well but scales better than 8-slot/stage
  • Only a minimal fraction of transactions fail to reach the ledger, likely due to EB expiration
  • Network usage is slightly heavy, while CPU usage appears suspiciously light
  • Congestion begins to appear at throughput levels above 1,000 TPS.

Linear Leios throughput efficiency​

• Conducted an analysis of the Linear Leios variant's probability of including certified EBs on-chain
• Results show Linear Leios could achieve approximately 500 times the throughput of Praos at over 50% network resource efficiency
• 500 times Praos throughput would exceed 1,000 historically typical transactions per second
• Generated comprehensive throughput and efficiency visualizations available in the analysis repository.

CDDL specifications​

• Added CDDL specifications for Linear and Stracciatella protocol variants.

Simulation improvements​

Rust simulation​

• Implemented a first pass of the Linear Leios variant in the Rust simulation
• Enhanced simulation capabilities to support protocol variant testing and analysis
• Continued optimizing simulation performance for high-throughput scenarios.

Small transaction experiments​

• Completed the analysis of small-transaction, high-throughput experiments with 300-byte non-Plutus transactions
• Key findings:
  • 1,000 tx/s with 300 B/tx is feasible in Leios variants
  • Clear time–space tradeoff between variants
  • full-with-ib-references uses space more efficiently than full-without-ibs
  • full-without-ibs has a shorter transaction lifecycle than full-with-ib-references
  • 2 CPU cores are sufficient for high-throughput operation
  • Network usage remains modest under high load
• Supporting materials are available in analysis documentation and analysis notebook.

Next steps​

• Continue investigation of protocol variants for CIP convergence
• Expand simulation capabilities for additional protocol variants
• Refine performance optimization strategies for high-throughput scenarios
• Complete documentation of protocol variant comparisons and recommendations.