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Glossary

  • 50% disk compression: A default estimate in Leios cost calculations that estimates storage savings through compression techniques.

  • Approximate Lower Bound Argument (ALBA): A cryptographic technique allowing a prover to succinctly demonstrate knowledge of a large dataset to a verifier, with a small approximation gap enabling efficient proof generation and verification.

  • Boneh-Lynn-Shacham (BLS): A cryptographic signature scheme that allows for efficient aggregation of signatures.

  • Central processing unit (CPU) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) usage: A performance metric that tracks CPU consumption across various simulation stages.

  • Certificate: A cryptographic proof that attests to the validity of blocks or transactions.

  • Decentralization parameter: A measure of how distributed the control of the network is among its participants.

  • DeltaQ model: A framework for analyzing and predicting network quality of service (QoS) used to assess delay, loss, and other performance factors.

  • Diffusion strategy: The method used to propagate blocks and votes through the network. Strategies include:

    • Oldest-first strategy – prioritizes older blocks for diffusion.
    • Freshest-first strategy – prioritizes newer blocks for diffusion.
    • Peer-order strategy – requests blocks in the order they were announced by peers.

  • Endorser block (EB): A block that references IBs and is produced by nodes that win the EB sortition lottery.

  • Epoch: A fixed period in the blockchain during which specific processes or calculations are performed.

  • Equivocation: The act of producing conflicting blocks or messages in a blockchain network.

  • Executable specification: A formally defined, executable model of a system that ensures an implementation conforms to its intended design.

  • Fait accompli sortition: A cryptographic selection process that ensures fairness and verifiability when choosing validators.

  • Freshest first: A policy for prioritizing newer blocks or transactions over older ones.

  • Haskell simulation: A parallel simulation of the Leios protocol in Haskell, used for latency measurement, event logging, and parameter tuning.

  • Input block (IB): A block that contains transactions and is produced by nodes that win the IB sortition lottery.

  • Latency: The delay between the submission of a transaction and its confirmation on the blockchain.

  • Leios cost calculator: An online tool that estimates the computational and financial costs of running Leios nodes, supporting both hyperscale and discount cloud providers.

  • Leios transaction lifecycle: A roadmap defining the different stages a transaction goes through, from submission to final confirmation within the Leios framework.

  • Leios-stage-active-voting-slots: A parameter that configures the duration of active voting stages in the Leios protocol.

  • Leios-vote-send-recv-stages: A configuration setting that defines the voting stages in the Leios protocol, including the send and receive phases.

  • Lovelace: The smallest unit of the Cardano cryptocurrency, named after Ada Lovelace.

  • Mithril: A protocol for voting and cryptographic proofs in the Leios framework.

  • Musen: A cryptographic protocol or component used within the Leios framework.

  • Organic topology generator: A tool that creates network topologies based on real-world stake pool and relay connections to simulate actual network behavior.

  • Pipeline: A sequence of stages in the Leios protocol where different types of blocks are produced and processed.

  • Praos: A version of the Ouroboros consensus protocol that Leios builds upon.

  • Quorum: The minimum number of votes required to certify a block or decision.

  • Ranking block (RB): A block that ranks other blocks and is part of the consensus mechanism.

  • Rational arithmetic: A method used in Leios sortition to replace quad-precision floating-point calculations, improving precision and computational efficiency.

  • Rust simulation: A simulation of the Leios protocol implemented in Rust, focusing on graph generation, topology creation, and performance visualization.

  • Send-recv voting: A structured two-stage voting mechanism where nodes send and receive votes.

  • Sharding: A method of partitioning data to improve scalability and performance.

  • Short-Leios simulation: A version of the Leios simulation that models ranking block intervals and outputs diffusion latency data.

  • Sortition: A probabilistic method for selecting nodes to perform specific roles based on their stake.

  • Stake: The amount of cryptocurrency a node holds, which influences its probability of being selected in sortition.

  • Storage cost amortization: A feature in the cost calculator that spreads storage costs over time, reducing upfront expenses.

  • Throughput: The rate at which transactions are processed by the network.

  • Throughput simulator: A system that models the transaction processing rate of Cardano nodes, aligned with the Leios framework.

  • Verifiable Random Function (VRF): A cryptographic function that produces a random output that can be verified.